1994 World Championship – San Diego, CA, USA
September 7-18, 1994
The following results are from the Star Logs. Starting with 1977 frequently only yacht numbers were given. The last time both yacht numbers and yacht names were given was 1989. In later years sometimes, fleet designations were omitted. In these cases some of the more obvious fleet designations were supplied. Also from time to time only last names were supplied. First names, where known, were added.
Results
Place No. Skipper Crew Fleet Daily Places Pts. 1 7737 Ross Macdonald Eric Jespersen EB 4 1 7 14 1 8 21.0 2 7592 Alan Adler Rodrigo Meirelles Rdj 6 2 26 1 6 7 22.0 3 7760 Torben S. Grael Marcelo Ferreira Gua 12 23 3 7 13 2 37.0 4 7640 John Kostecki Tom Olsen ISOL 1 9 4 8 22 21 43.0 5 7657 Eric Doyle Bill Bennett SDB 5 14 29 12 8 5 44.0 6 7405 Carl Buchan Fritz Lanzinger PS 20 12 23 10 4 1 47.0 7 7611 George Szabo IIIRick Peters SDB 9 dsq 20 17 7 3 56.0 8 7563 Hans Wallen Bobby Loshse Kat 2 13 2 22 41 22 61.0 9 7647 Michael Hesback Martin Halsberg DF 3 26 12 9 34 15 65.0 10 7758 Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel SDB 18 21 5 18 18 6 65.0 11 7713 Joe Londrigan Phil Trinter SDB 7 dnf 10 20 17 18 72.0 12 7568 Peter Bromby Lee White ISOL 28 4 8 26 15 48 81.0 13 7774 Jose Doreste Javier Hermida Barc 29 30 1 16 10 36 86.0 14 7738 Bill Buchan Jr Brian Ledbetter EL 19 25 42 11 20 14 89.0 15 7680 Enrico Chieffi Hermes Costa PDV 11 dsq 27 6 2 46 92.0 16 7467 Urs Hunkeler Markus Lauber LUV 16 24 13 38 29 13 95.0 17 7642 Pietro D'Ali Corrado Cristaldini IC 33 27 6 30 3 58 99.0 11 7689 Albino Fravezzi Paolo Busolo SG 24 8 43 28 61 9 112.0 19 7695 Joachim HellmichDirk Schwaertzel Moh 27 7 31 27 26 26 113.0 20 7515 Ross Adams Chuck Nevel WH 14 18 24 24 33 33 113.0 21 7612 John King Wellington De Barros Cop 39 ymp 36 29 19 11 118.0 22 7747 Frank Butzmann Michael Umlauft BF 13 6 dsq 2 24 78 123.0 23 7546 Fernando Bello Mario Sampaio CP 10 28 60 36 32 17 123.0 24 7759 Alexander Hagen Kai Falkenthal Glu 46 5 14 42 36 28 125.0 25 7179 Kevin Miller John Curnutte SBC 22 dsq 9 65 12 19 127.0 26 7773 J.A. MacCauslandRobert MacCausland CR 34 16 35 35 9 54 129.0 27 7732 Vincent Brun Mike Dorgan SDB 15 3 dnf 3 dsq 12 131.0 28 7555 Eckart Wagner Hugo Schreiner SuW 30 61 15 23 37 27 132.0 29 7655 Rob Maine III Greg Alm WH 32 20 16 49 45 25 138.0 30 7712 Benny Andersen Mogens Just DF 35 10 21 5 67 82 138.0 31 7475 Brett James Scott Warnes SY 17 45 25 46 11 66 144.0 32 6643 Brian Camet Alex Camet SDB 25 15 65 72 39 4 148.0 33 7699 Paolo Semeraro Ferdinando Colaninno Bar 57 46 38 37 5 29 155.0 34 7630 Ben Mitchell Bill Stump LB 78 53 27 19 25 42 156.0 35 7740 Peter E. SiemsenAndre Lekszycki Cop 23 49 44 34 14 dnf 164.0 35 7757 Res Bienz Beat Stegmeier O 8 34 62 33 28 84 165.0 37 7728 Ron Sandstrom Chis Rogers BH 53 43 33 4 43 45 168.0 38 7209 Lee Kellerhouse Marco Columbo SDB 59 36 47 21 35 37 176.0 39 7729 Mark Mansfield Owen Dennis ISOL 31 39 22 41 53 43 176.0 40 7558 Jack Kisseoglou Dimitris Boukis GR 83 dsq 30 31 31 10 185.0 41 7604 Dewitt Morris Forrest Williams NB 61 47 53 15 42 32 189.0 42 7609 Arthur Anosoy Myrchuk Alexander Tab 44 50 39 53 27 34 194.0 43 7754 Mats Johansson Mattias Frode Vin 45 22 28 48 52 79 195.0 44 7770 Luis F.L. Simao Felipe Lobao Rudge Cop 42 29 50 45 30 60 196.0 45 7636 Larry Whipple Garth Olsen EB 43 55 19 51 48 41 202.0 46 7641 Stephan SchurichF. Xaver Gruber H 58 42 11 50 51 76 212.0 47 7629 Pelle Petterson Joel Kew Kat 72 37 48 25 66 47 223.0 48 7309 Jurg Ryffel Daniel Roth Rap 21 44 56 67 38 70 226.0 49 7617 Ross Miller Jed Miller PS 50 58 49 13 56 63 226.0 50 7621 Glyn Charles Simon Fry SO 48 19 41 pms 40 80 228.0 51 7691 Nicolo Saidelli Nicola Menoni Fdin 82 33 18 40 dsq 56 229.0 52 7753 Steven Bakker Peter Peet Hol 76 17 89 64 23 53 233.0 53 7733 Sergey Khoretsky Hermann Weiler ISOL 26 64 64 66 21 61 236.0 54 7628 Kevin McNeil Chris Higgs An 36 81 52 62 16 75 241.0 55 6922 Augusto Barrozo Paulo Fabriani Gua 41 60 37 78 49 55 242.0 56 7631 Doug Smith Garth Miller WSFB 37 32 68 39 70 68 244.0 57 7690 Jochen Diercks Herbert Braasch Lub 69 48 55 68 46 30 247.0 58 7492 Philip Graves Barry van Leeuwen EB 67 dsq 34 44 72 31 248.0 59 7715 Albert SchweizerPerret Mathias ZuW 40 63 81 32 dsq 35 251.0 60 7488 Roberto BenamatiGiuseppe Devoti Gar dsq 11 45 pms 47 57 258.0 61 7437 Rainer Wilhe Wolfgang Krepeik SMA 64 83 72 58 50 23 267.0 62 7704 Andreas Sellwig Lutz Boguhn Moh 66 40 67 pms 57 44 274.0 63 7664 Charles Beek Edward V. Lyon NH 49 67 59 63 54 52 277.0 64 7288 Pat Londigan Brian Terhaar LS 70 41 79 56 65 49 281.0 65 7619 Ben Staartjes Peter Brinkgrave LS 79 62 71 ymp 44 38 286.0 66 7542 G. Biganishvili Vladimir Gruzdev Bks 38 31 51 pms 69 dnc 287.0 67 7425 Richard GronblomVille Kurki Dru 73 66 73 dns 59 16 287.0 68 7525 Ingvar Krook Magnus Henriksson AR 62 79 83 74 55 20 290.0 69 7615 Logan Farrar Gill Cole CD 71 56 32 54 dsq 77 290.0 70 7450 Henning Voigt Dirk Struve Aac 54 38 76 55 76 83 299.0 71 6458 James L. Butler Mark D. Butler SDB 90 75 80 43 79 24 301.0 72 7460 Glen Read Mark Fisher PP 92 57 54 59 81 51 302.0 73 7607 Jon Little Mike Claxton EB 63 dsq 46 73 63 59 304.0 74 7294 Ian E. Johnson Tim Ede PP 74 76 70 47 48 40 307.0 75 7254 Trig LiljestrandHerb Magney LB 55 35 ymp 77 83 90 313.0 76 7665 Josef Pieper Werner Staufer SM 52 72 58 dsq 64 74 320.0 77 7451 Kim Fletcher Bill Kreysler SDB 87 71 40 52 80 81 324.0 78 7537 Chris Gautschi Ronald Braun Bod 68 52 86 57 77 71 325.0 79 7605 Mike Ilgenstein Haymo Jepsen HF 47 68 57 pms dsq 67 337.0 80 6991 Sune Carlsson Eric Beckwith RS 81 69 66 pms 84 39 339.0 81 6933 Chris Nielson Ed Hughes WLM dns 51 69 71 62 87 340.0 82 7293 Don Krippendorf Chris Lanza Tab 65 54 dnf 81 68 73 341.0 83 7668 Otto Zieglmeier Peter Girr AM 51 65 82 dnf 86 62 346.0 84 7771 Ric. Simoneschi Ardrea Vegetti FdiG 84 74 61 pms 58 72 349.0 85 7614 John Foster Mark Strube ISOL 89 82 77 69 75 50 353.0 86 7674 Hans Fendt Florian Fendt Neu 75 59 88 61 73 93 356.0 87 7673 Dierk Thomsen Lars Thomsen KF 93 70 63 80 90 65 368.0 88 7305 Ed Sprague Jr Bruce Cameron SDB 88 dsq 84 79 60 64 375.0 89 7585 Gerhard Hobiger Robert Ullrich Att 60 dsq 91 76 71 88 386.0 90 7474 Mario Caprile Ramon Bernar Lar 85 80 78 70 82 94 390.0 91 6283 George Sazabo JrFritz Kunzel SDB 80 80 78 70 82 94 390.0 92 7500 Flavio Scala Alberto Rossari Gar 77 dsq 74 60 dnc dnc 407.0 93 7620 John Allen John Ahlquist WH 94 78 75 83 87 89 412.0 94 7772 R. Roellenbleg Mario Salani Sta 56 pms dnf 75 dsq 86 413.0 95 7718 Joseph Pro David Bird WJ 86 73 87 pms 89 92 427.0 96 7296 E.F. Atkinson Tom Seeling CD 95 dsq 92 82 85 85 439.0 97 7471 Joe Bainton Michael Marcel CLIS 91 dsq 90 dsq 88 91 458.0
Regatta Report
The following report appeared in the 1995 Log and was transcribed by David Bolles
SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB HOSTS TOP SAILING EVENT
By William Goodwin, The San Diego Beacon, September 1, 1994
The 1994 Star Class world Champions Ross Macdonald, left, and Eric Jespersen, right, being presented with Mid-Week Awards by San Diego Yacht Club Commodore Tom Fetter. Photo by Barbara Martin
While many viewers may consider the America's Cup the glamorous peak of international sailing competition, one sailing event surpasses it in several ways— the annual Star Class World Championship. Hosted by San Diego Yacht Club, this event, now in its 73rd year, will take place September 7 through 18 in the waters off San Diego.
"SDYC has a long, successful history with the Star Class, and we are proud to be hosting this event for the seventh time," said John Burnham, regatta chairman.
The similarities between the Star World Championship and the America's Cup are striking. Both are international events, but while less than a dozen countries have ever fielded AC teams, the upcoming Star World’s will match competitors from 22 countries. The America's Cup is the oldest one-design sailboat class in the world. Many of the America's Cup skippers have sailed in the Olympics, most often on Stars, which are also the oldest Olympic class of sailboats.
In addition, many winners in the intensely competitive Star Class have gone on to become top America's Cup skippers— and several of them are from the San Diego Yacht Club, including Lowell North (founder of North Sails on Shelter Island and four-time Star World Champion), Dennis Conner (two-time America's Cup winner) and Paul Cayard (skipper of the Italian America's Cup challenger in 1992).
The Star Class has a long and distinguished history, much of it involving San Diego and SDYC sailors. Joseph Jessop, Sr. put San Diego on the sailing map with his string of national and international Star Class titles dating back to 1924, according to Burnham.
The Star, a 22-foot sloop with a fixed keel, is raced with a crew of two. Designed in 1911, the class has strict one-design rules that make every boat virtually identical, leaving it up to the skills of the sailors to attain victory. "This is the top of the sailing world in terms of pure talent . . . the test of who is best in our sport," said Cayard, who won the 1988 Star Class World Championship. As the skipper of one of the French America's Cup teams, Cayard stated that he is too busy to race in this year's Star World’s.
Joe Londrigan, defending Star World Champion, is also from the San Diego Yacht Club. "We won in heavy winds at Kiel, Germany, so we have to change our game plan to suit the light airs of San Diego,” he said. "It is always difficult to defend in the Star Class, and this time will be no exception."
San Diegan Mark Reynolds won the gold medal in the Star Class in the last Olympics, but he has yet to win a Star World Championship. "I asked Lowell North how he managed to win the World’s four times," he said. "He told me that if you sail enough races, you're bound to win a few"— and this will be Mark's 12th World’s. "I believe the Star World’s are more prestigious and difficult to win than the Olympics," he added. Vince Brun, another of SDYC's Star World champions (1986), will also compete in the event. "This will definitely be one of the best world championships ever," he said.
KOSTECKI & OLSEN WIN RACE ONE
San Diego Yacht Club News Release, September 11, 1994.
SAN DIEGO— In the first day of the Star World Championship, skipper John Kostecki and crew, Tom Olsen from the USA, came from behind to win race one, Sunday afternoon. Kostecki overcame the efforts of second-place finisher Hans Wallen and crew Bobby Lohse of Sweden. Michael Hestbaek and crew Martin Halsberg of Denmark finished in third place.
Kostecki said race conditions were a little difficult (shifting winds, one to two foot swells), but he was able to muster enough speed to win the race. "We seemed to have good boat speed and on the last run were able to sail away from the fleet," Kostecki said. "Hopefully, we can repeat (this performance) again."
The 30-year old Kostecki, who is from Bangor, Maine, is competing in his third Star World Championship. He finished eighth last year in Kiel, Germany, and sixth at the Star World’s in San Francisco in 1992. "This may be the most competitive Star World’s I've ever sailed in," Kostecki said. "The fleet is the biggest and deepest yet."
Today's race was held on course #3, a 10.5 nautical mile, windward-leeward course. The wind was out of the southwest at seven to eight knots. “We are pleased with the first race of this world class event and look forward to a competitive week," said John Burnham, Regatta Chairman.
The 1994 Star World Championship features 97 yachts from 22 nations. San Diego Yacht Club is hosting this year's event, which ends Friday, September 16.
MACDONALD AND JESPERSEN WIN SECOND RACE
San Diego Yacht Club News Release, September 12, 1994.
SAN DIEGO— Ross Macdonald and crew Eric Jespersen of Canada cruised to a first-place finish in the second day of racing at the 73rd Star World Championship on Monday. Brazilian Alan Adler and crew Rodrigo Meirelles finished in second place and hometown favorites Vincent Brun and crew Mike Dorgan from the San Diego Yacht Club took third.
Macdonald overtook Adler shortly after the leeward mark and pulled away to a decisive victory, winning handily. "We had clean water ahead of us," Macdonald said. "There were no other boats around us."
At the windward mark, Macdonald and Jespersen were in fifth place, due to a tentative start. "The start was tough, with the shifty winds," Macdonald said. "Today and yesterday there was a localized wind. San Diego weather wasn't its usual self today." The wind blew at 10-12 knots from the southwest at the start and was 8-9 knots by the finish.
After two days of racing, Macdonald leads overall with five total points; Adler is second with eight; and John Kostecki is third with 10. Today's race, like yesterday's first race, was held on course #3, a 10.5 nautical mile, windward/leeward course. The Star World Championship features 97 yachts from 22 nations. San Diego Yacht Club is hosting this year's event, which continues through Friday, September 16.
DORESTE & HERMIDA WIN THIRD RACE
By Bill Center, Staff Writer, San Diego Union- Tribune, September 13, 1994:
Spain's Jose Luis Doreste was the model of consistency in the first two races of the Star World’s sailing championships. Race 1: 29th and Race 2: 29th. "I wasn't inspired," Doreste said. "The first two races were very difficult. I did not understand this place where we are sailing. It is very strange. Shifty. You never know from where or how long the wind is coming." Yesterday, however, Doreste was inspired when he and crewman Javier Hermida arrived at the 10.8-mile course off Coronado. Race 3: 1st.
"Either you are inspired, or you are not," said Doreste, one of Spain's most decorated yachtsmen. "Today we understood more of this place. We had good boat speed." Still, the sailing wasn't fun. The conditions off San Diego, considered to be one of the most demanding in the world, are too trying to be fun. Light winds, stiff seas, big shifts, bigger holes. "I don't think many of us enjoy the sailing right now," Doreste said. "We enjoy the competing."
"It is strange here," agreed Sweden's Hans Wallen, who finished second for the second time in three days to move into third in the standings behind Canada's Ross Macdonald (12 points) and San Francisco's John Kostecki (14). "Today there was wind to the left and wind to the right, but no wind in the middle of the course. It's frustrating and when you get upset, it is very difficult to sail. It is real easy here to make the wrong decision. When you do, you are gone and there is no coming back."
Just ask Brazil's Torben Grael. The 1990 Star World champion finished third yesterday to climb back into competition after finishes of 12th and 22nd in the first two races. "It is very easy to make bad results here," Grael said. "The problem is not only the shifts, but the holes of no wind. At the start of the second race, I made a bad decision and it was very costly."
Grael has raced in San Diego only once before, on Mission Bay in Snipes. He had sailed Stars here only once before while testing sails with Vince Brun. "Local knowledge would be very beneficial here," Grael said. Don't try to sell that to the San Diegans. "Local knowledge would be great if the conditions were typical," Brun said. "But it has been screwy even for San Diego. On a beautiful day like today, the book is go right after the start. But the left was favored. It's all backward."
Which might explain why the San Diegans are struggling midway through the six races of the world's premier one-design championships. Olympic gold medalist Mark Reynolds was fifth yesterday to move into eighth in the standings. But he was 18th and 20th in the first two heats. Both defending World Champion Joe Londrigan and 1986 champ Brun have fouled out of a race. Brun yesterday sailed into the stem of a boat that had almost stopped on the course after rounding the wing mark of the reaches.
The only other San Diegans in the top 10 are the tandem of Eric Doyle and Bill Bennett, who are 10th despite a 30th place finish yesterday. But a bad race isn't an embarrassment. In the 97-boat fleet, only Macdonald (4-1-7) and Kostecki (1-9-4) have finished in the top 10 of all three races.
The competition should tighten after today's race when each skipper's worst race is discarded from the best 5-of-6 series. "I already have two throwouts, joked Doreste, who added, "anyone can do a 29 in this regatta."
ADLER & MEIRELLES WIN FOURTH RACE
San Diego Yacht Club News Release, September 14, 1994
SAN DIEGO— With a big win Wednesday in race number four, Brazilian Alan Adler took over the overall lead in the 73rd Star World Championship off Point Loma. Ross Macdonald of Canada fell to second place overall from first, and John Kostecki of San Francisco is in third place after four days of racing.
Frank Butzmann of Germany finished second in Wednesday's race, and Vince Brun of San Diego placed third. Adler had a strong race once again, having finished second in Monday's race. Adler, and crew Rodrigo Meirelles, took the lead at the leeward mark and led the remainder of the race.
"The race was very tough, with shifty (wind) conditions," said Adler, who is competing in his seventh Star World Championship. Although Adler finished 26th in Tuesday's race, he is in first place overall and aims to keep it that way. He said his race outlook here on out is to "sail very conservatively and take no risks."
After Tuesday's race, Ross Macdonald was awarded the Bud Vanderveer Trophy for being the regatta's leader after three races. His crew— Eric Jespersen— was awarded the Robert “Buck” Halperin Crew Award. Winds were out of the west at 7-9 knots and swells were 1-3 feet at seven-second intervals.
MACDONALD AND JESPERSEN WIN FIFTH RACE
San Diego Yacht Club News Release, September 15, 1994.
SAN DIEGO— Ross Macdonald continued his assault on the seas with another win in race number five, Thursday, in the 73rd Star World Championship off Point Loma. Macdonald and crew Eric Jespersen jumped back into the overall lead with one day of racing remaining. Macdonald has 13 points, yesterday's leader Alan Adler of Brazil is second with 15 points, and John Kostecki of San Francisco is third with 22 points.
The victory puts Macdonald in the driver's seat, although Adler and Kostecki still have a slight chance to win the regatta. Macdonald won Monday's race and finished fourth on Sunday, the first day of racing.
Star boat in the SDYC pool.
Despite his inexperience with sailing in San Diego, which is notorious for light winds, Macdonald is beating up on the locals.
"We took a few risks and they paid off," Macdonald said. "We had the big main out today and it gave us extra power. We felt good." The confident Macdonald, who hails from Vancouver, was obviously pleased to be leading the Star World's going into the final day. His strategy was sound. "We hope to get ahead early and hope everything goes well," Macdonald said. To this point in the Star World Championship, everything has gone well for Macdonald and Jespersen. Tomorrow will tell.
Winds, which were extremely inconsistent and shifty, were out of the west at 6-7 knots and swells were 1-1 1/2 feet at five-second intervals.
MACDONALD AND JESPERSEN WIN WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP
San Diego Yacht Club News Release, September 16, 1994
SAN DIEGO - Despite an eighth place finish in the final race of the Star World Championship on Friday, Canada's Ross Macdonald hung on to capture the overall championship. Alan Adler of Brazil finished second overall by finishing seventh on Friday, just ahead of Macdonald. Another Brazilian, Torben Grael, took third overall.
The winner of Friday's final race was Carl Buchan of Seattle, who placed sixth overall. "Today we had some breaks," Buchan said. "It was one of those races that went right."
The 29-year old Macdonald won his first ever World Championship, although he won the North American's last year. He sailed a strong race Friday, but got caught in a "hole" on the last leg. "We were trying to stick close to Adler, but we fell into a hole," Macdonald said. "We stressed out. Maybe we were being too conservative, but it was a great week. This (win) beats the Olympics. If you win the Star World's, you've done very well."
Macdonald said he will compete in the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, but after winning this 73rd Star World Championship, relaxation is in the cards for him and his crew, Eric Jespersen. "There wasn't a lot of physical activity (in the Star World's) because of the lack of wind," Macdonald said. "But I'm ready to relax for a while."
Winds, which again were light and shifty, were out of the west at 5-6 knots and swells were one foot at 5-10 second intervals.
CANADIANS WIN STAR WORLD'S
By Dieter Loibner, THE LOG
September 30 - October 13, 1994
SAN DIEGO— For two weeks during the 1994 Star World Championship, English was the second language at the San Diego Yacht Club. A fleet of 97 boats— 62 of them from 21 countries other than the United States— made this an event that deserved this attribute.
After a week of racing in conditions which rarely reflected what San Diego is known for, a piece of sailing history was written. Ross Macdonald, 29, and Eric Jespersen, 32, of Vancouver, were the first Canadians to win this prestigious event. They were the only team that topped the scoreboard in two races and posted their worst with a 14th on the fourth day.
"This beats even the Olympics," a jubilant Macdonald said. "If you can win the Star World's, you have come a long way." Their best finish at the Star World's prior to that was in 1989, when they took third in Italy.
Sailing consistently with good boat speed, sans major tactical mistakes— the sure-fire recipe for success sounds really easy. Macdonald fared best in playing the shifts, catching the puffs, avoiding the lulls and calculating the current to his advantage. There was a stressful moment at the end of the last race. Macdonald / Jespersen sailed in second place, covering the Brazilians Adler / Meirelles, their immediate competition for the title.
Caught in the lull, the Canadians got passed but Macdonald found enough wind to finish eighth, right behind Adler, which was just enough to stay on top of the fleet. Grael / Ferreira, also from Brazil, sailed impressively at the end of the series to capture third overall.
Although no American ended up in the top three, they made a strong showing with five boats in the top 10. John Kostecki was the early front-runner, but ended with two finishes in the low twenties, which dropped him to fourth overall.
Eric Doyle / Bill Bennett were the top guys of the local fleet in fifth place. Their frequent practices in light wind inside San Diego Bay has paid off. "We prefer the lighter stuff and it showed," Doyle said. About beating Vince Brun, his boss at North Sails. Doyle was diplomatic. “I think he had a little bad luck getting thrown out in one race and being in a big pack at the leeward mark, ending up fouling rather than forcing the issue.”
Carl Buchan of Puget Sound, Washington, the 1992 World Champion, capped off his series with a bullet in the last race and squeezed in between Doyle / Bennett and Szabo / Peters, one of the youngest teams of the San Diego fleet. Szabo turned heads for the first time in 1991, winning the last race at the World’s in Cannes, France. Here he added the all-important consistency and did not get bothered by a disqualification in the second race. Like Doyle, he also beat his boss at the Sobstad loft, Olympic gold medalist Mark Reynolds.
Reynolds and defending champion Joe Londrigan did not have a series to their liking. “We tried things which normally work, but conditions were unusual. Even when the wind was out of the West, the right layline did not pay,” Joe said. “Local knowledge was not necessarily an advantage. It was better to sail with an open mind without preconceived notions.”
